Sitasahau Kauli ya GWANTWA MWALYAJE, Albino Mwimbaji Wa Nyimbo za Injili

Ni katika kipindi maarufu cha ITV cha 'HAWAVUMI LAKINI WAPO'. 

Pamoja na nyimbo zilizochambuliwa kwa kina na mchambuzi aliyebobea RAJABU ZOMBOKO, pia mahojiano na mwanamuziki anayechipukia katika nyimbo za injili GWANTWA MWALYAJE (mwenye ulemavu wa ngozi-albino) alielezea changamoto za kukataliwa na kudharauliwa na jamii pindi anapoomba kuimba kwenye matamasha mbalimbali.

Kauli yake yenye uzito wa aina yake ilikuja baada ya kuanza kuelezea namna alivyoweza kufika studio za ITV. Alimshukuru Dr. Reginald Mengi ambaye ni mmiliki wa makampuni ya IPP kwa kuwajali watu wenye ulemavu. Mwimbaji huyu anaimba nyimbo ambazo nyingi ni kwa ajili ya kutokomeza mauaji ya albino Tanzania na duniani kote. Kauli yake ni hii, nanukuu: "Siku nimefika hapa katika studio za ITV na kuanza kuhojiana na mtangazaji NILISAHAU ULEMAVU wangu". 

Neno KUSAHAU ULEMAVU maana yake ni nini? Kulitokea kitu gani katika akili na ufahamu wake mpaka ajisahau ulemavu wake? Je, baada ya kipindi kuisha ameendelea kusahau ulemavu wake? Maswali haya na mengine mengi yalipita ghafla kwenye ufahamu wangu na kisha kuanza kuelimisha nafsi yangu. Pamoja na majibu mazuri uliyonayo juu ya maswali haya, nyongeza yake ni hii hapa.

Kwanza tujue kabisa na bayana kuwa ulemavu una athari kubwa kwa maisha ya binadamu kiuchumi, kisiasa na kiutamaduni kama hatua za dhati na za mapema hazitachukuliwa ili kupunguza hizi athari dhidi ya huyu mtu mwenye ulemavu.

Maana ya 'KUSAHAU ULEMAVU'

Hii ni hali ambayo mtu mwenye ulemavu anapokuwa kwenye mazingira yanayoashiria kumwacha huru kutokana na ulemavu wake. Mazingira haya yanaweza kuwa ni binadamu wanao mzunguka, miundombinu iliyoboreshwa, hali yenye kutia matumaini ya maisha ya kufanikiwa, kukutana na huduma ambayo hapo awali hakuwa na uwezo wa kuipata, nk.

Bwana GWANTWA MWALYAJE yeye lengo lake ni kufanikiwa kiuchumi pamoja na kutetea hatima ya ualbino wake na wa wenzake juu ya mauaji na masumbufu wayapatayo kila siku kwenye maisha yao. Anadai kuwa huwa anakataliwa kuimba kwenye matamasha mbalimbali ambako angeweza kuuza kanda zake za muziki.

Sababu za KUSAHAU ULEMAVU wake:

Mosi, mapokezi aliyopata ITV. Hapa utagundua kuwa, kwenye jamii zetu si mara nyingi watu wanaweza kuwachangamkia watu ambao ni albino na walemavu wengine wote. Kwa hiyo kwa kupokelewa vizuri na kuchangamkiwa kulimfanya asahau utofauti wake ambao huwa anauona kila siku kwenye jamii.

Pili, kutangaza biashara yake. Kama anavyosema kuwa mara nyingi huwa hapati mahali pa kutangazia uimbaji na kipaji chake cha kuimba. Hivyo kwa kufika kwenye studio za ITV kulionyesha nyota mpya ya maisha ya kufanikiwa kiuchumi kwa kutangaza biashara yake ya uimbaji.

Tatu, kutoa hisia zake juu ya mateso wanayopata albino. Pamoja na kutangaza uimbaji wake, pia alipata nafasi ya kutoa hisia zake kwa watazamaji wa ITV walioenea kote ulimwenguni kuwa wao (albino) hawapendezwi na wala hawaoni haki ikifanyika kwa kutendewa hayo matukio kwenye jamii wanamoishi. Katika wimbo wake mmoja aliouita kwa jina la "dili", ameonyesha wazi kuwa albino wamekuwa kitega uchumi cha binadamu wenzao kwa kukatwa viungo. Anasema huko nchini Malawi majangili hao hutamba kabisa kuwa soko zuri la viungo vya albino ni Tanzania.

Tuingie kwenye sehemu ya mwisho ya swali kama ni kweli ameendelea kusahau ulemavu wake. Jibu la haraka ni hapana na litabaki kuwa hivyo. Mazingira yanatofautiana, binadamu vilevile tuko tofauti. Utakavyoweza ku 'socialize' na mtu huyu si sawa kabisa na mtu yule, ufahamu na mitazamo ya mtu X si sawa na ya mtu Y. Pia ijulikane kuwa kujikomboa mtu mmoja kati ya kundi kubwa huo uhuru ni batili, kwa hivyo ndugu GWANTWA MWALYAJE pamoja na watu wengine wenye ulemavu Tanzania na kwingineko duniani, watambue kuwa kukaa ikulu kwa ulinzi na maisha yenye uhakika kwa mtu mmoja mwenye ulemavu haimaanishi umemaliza kazi. Tena kwa mazingira hayo mazuri ndipo mahali pa kufanya 'advocacy' ya kizazi cha sasa na vijavyo.

Mwisho, napenda kuwajulisha binadamu wenzangu kuwa "people experience differently in life styles". Vionjo vya maisha vya binadamu mmoja hutofautiana na vya mwenzake. Wakati huyu anaona maisha mazuri na ya kifahari, mwingine anataabika hata kiasi cha kulaani siku aliyozaliwa. Hivyo basi, maneno wayaongeayo watu wenye ulemavu katika maisha yao ndio ukweli wote upo hapo. Anapopatikana mwakilishi wa kundi fulani la wenye ulemavu huyo hubeba 'experiences' za maisha ya waliobakia.

FIKIRI KIJUMUISHI ~~~ TENDA KIJUMUISHI ~~~ JENGA TAIFA JUMUISHI

Tuwapime Watu Hawa Wenye Ulemavu Kwa Kazi Zao

Linda Haki Yako, Ukiaminiwa Jiamini!

Nimepita kwingi, nimeona mengi, mengine yanapendeza, yanashangaza, yanachekesha na hata mengine huleta machukizo na vitisho kwa maisha ya binadamu. Ni mchanganyiko wa matukio ya aina yake. Nimeshuhudia haki za watu zikiporwa kama vibaka waporavyo simu mtaani, hujiuliza maswali kuwa binadamu ni nani na ubinadamu ni nini? Hutamani nifanye kazi zangu kwa karibu na wanasheria watakatifu, wanaharakati wa kweli na watumishi thabiti wa Mwenyezi Mungu.

Leo nitumie uwanja huu kuleta mifano michache ya watu wenye ulemavu ambao wamepita kwenye magumu na wakashinda, kisha wameleta mitazamo mipya katika maisha ya mwanadamu.

NABII MUSSA

Nabii Musa akipiga mwamba ili utoe maji

Musa akiwa ameshika amri 10 alizopewa na Mungu

Huyu ndiye nabii pekee ambaye Mungu anasema alimpenda kupita manabii wote, na kwa kuthibitisha upendo kwa Musa, Mungu alimpa ofa ya kuonana nae uso kwa uso; Musa alifanikiwa kuona kisogo cha Mungu. Kwa mujibu maandiko ya Biblia takatifu, hakuna nabii yeyote aliyemwona Mungu isipokuwa huyu Musa. Huyu mtumishi wa Mungu alikuwa mlemavu wa kinywa (speech Impairment). Alipotumwa na Mungu kwenda kuwakombo wana wa Israel kutoka mikono ya chuma ya Farao ndipo ghafla akaubaini ulemavu wake na kurejesha ujumbe kwa Mungu kuwa hawezi. Mungu akampa msaidizi wa kwenda nae ambaye ni Haruni (kaka yake). Mwisho wa siku Mussa pamoja na ulemavu wake ndiye akawa rais wa wana wa Israel.

FRANKLINE DELANO ROOSEVELT

Rais wa Marekani 1933-1945

Huyu alikuwa rais wa Marekani mwaka 1933 hadi 1945. Alikuwa ni mlemavu wa viungo (miguu) uliotokana na polio. Ndiye rais aliyeijenga Marekani tunayoiona leo, sera na mipango mingi ya marekani bado ni ya wakati wa Roosevet. Alikuwa na rais wa pekee. Alikuwa anatumia misemo ya kutia nguvu kama "The only thing to fear is fear itself".









Hebu sasa tutoke huko turudi hapa kwetu Tanzania
Hapa Tanzania pia tuna watu wenye ulemavu ambao wanaweza kuwa "Role Model" kwa maisha yetu sote. Tuanze safari yetu kuwaangalia watu hawa:



SALUM KHALFAN BARWAN

Mbunge wa Lindi Mjini (CUF)

Huyu ni mlemavu wa ngozi, yaani albino. Mheshimiwa Salum Khalfan Barwani ni mbunge wa Lindi Mjini kupitia Chama Cha Wananchi-CUF. Huyu ni mbunge wa kwanza albino katika historia ya Tanganyika hadi sasa Tanzania. Ni wazi kwamba huyu mheshimiwa Barwan anaweza hata akipewa nafasi nyingine kubwa zaidi ya hiyo. Ni wazi, kwa taratibu za uundaji wa baraza la mawaziri kwetu hapa Tanzania, mtu kupewa dhamana ya uwaziri ni lazima awe mbunge. Hivyo basi mheshimiwa Salum Khalifan Barwan anafaa kuwa waziri na hata kuwa rais wa nchi.

DR. EDWARD BAGANDANSHWA

Dr. Bagandanshwa (wa katikaki waliosimama

Huyu ni mhadhiri mwandamizi (senior lecturer) wa Chuo Kikuu Huria Cha Tanzania (OUT) pamoja na SEKOMU. Yeye ni mlemavu wa macho (total blindness). Ana shahada za Uzamivu 2 na shahada za Uzamili 13, huku shahada zake mbili za uzamili (masters) zilipitishwa bila marekebisho ya aina yoyote. Ni Chief Editor katika Jarida la JIPE la The Open University of Tanzania.

Kwa sasa Dr. Bagandanshwa ni Dean Faculty of Education SEKOMU. Amebadilisha mtazamo wa taaluma hapo SEKOMU, pia sidhani kama wanaweza kumwacha aondoke kirahisi chuoni hapo. 

Misemo yake: "Tunaweza kuona mbali tunaposimama juu ya mabega ya watu warefu"; "Kama vile watu walivyokusaidia mpaka ukapata mafanikio nawe huna kusaidia wengine".

Kwa hakika, kwa msomi kama huyu, jamii inafaidika kutokana na huduma zake. Ana mchango mkubwa kwa maendeleo ya taifa hili. Pia serikali ya Tanzania inatakiwa kuangalia mahali ambapo huyu 'giant' kukaa na kutumikia watu wengi zaidi kwa faida ya taifa kuliko kundi dogo la leo.

Hitimisho

Kwa muda mrefu jamii zetu na baadhi ya watawala wetu katika ngazi mbalimbali nchini wamekuwa hawaamini uwezo na mchango wa watu wenye ulemavu kwa taifa. Ukiona mtu mwenye ulemavu amepata hatua nzuri kielimu, kiuchumi na kisiasa ujue amepambana kwa kutumia nguvu nyingi sana. Amepambana na mazingira, binadamu wenzake pamoja na athari za ulemavu alionao.

Kazi sasa inaonekana, watu wenye ulemavu wanaweza, kilichobaki ni kujiamini na kuaminiwa na jamii zetu kwa kupewa nafasi stahili kwa maendeleao ya taifa hili la Tanzania. Ninaamini muda si mrefu tutashuhudia watu wenye ulemavu na wasio na ulemavu wakienda pamoja kuchukua form za kugombea urais wa nchi hii na pia kwenye fursa zingine kwenye jamii.

"FIKIRI KIJUMUISHI ~~~ TENDA KIJUMUISHI ~~~ JENGA TAIFA JUMUISHI"

KUZALIWA KWENYE MANUFAA KWA WENGINE

KUZALIWA KWANGU KULETE MANUFAA KWA WENGINE

Philemon Sokime (baba) na Jackline Sokime (mtoto) 

Magreth Mdendea Msuya (mama Jackline Philemon Sokime)

Mosi, namshukuru Mungu kuniacha nikiwa hai hadi siku ya leo na kwa umri huu niliojaliwa naye. Kwa watu wa imani huamini kuwa kila jambo mbele za Mungu lina makusudi yake, nami nakiri ya kuwa bado kuna jambo ambalo Mwenyezi Mungu anataka nilifanye kabla sijatoweka humu duniani. Mengine yaweza kuwa nayafahamu na mengine la.

Pili, naishukuru familia yangu ya msingi, yaani mke wangu “Magreth Mdendea Msuya” na mtoto wetu mpendwa “Jackline Philemon Sokime” kwa kunipa ushirikiano wa namna ya pekee wakati kwa wakati ufaao na usiofaa. Wananishauri huku wakinitia moyo katika hatua mbalimbali ninazopitia.

Tatu, nachukua nafasi hii adimu kuishukuru familia yetu ya mzee Ngiliule kwa kunilea hadi kufikia siku ya leo. Kwa taarifa tu ni kwamba “maisha ya mtu ni matokeo ya maamuzi ambayo yalifanywa wakati uliopita juu yake, yaweza kuwa ya wazazi, walezi/na au yeye mwenyewe”. Hivyo basi, maisha haya ya kusoma na kupenda shule pamoja na jumla ya mazuri ninayofanya ni jumla ya maamuzi ambayo wazazi wangu waliyafanya juu ya maisha yangu.

Nne, napenda kuwashukuru kaka zangu, dada zangu, wadogo zangu, na wajomba zangu na ukoo mzima wa AKINA KIGOSI  ambao kwa ujumla wao na kwa mtawanyiko wao popote walipo nchini. Wamekuwa msaada sana kwangu kwa hali na mali. Wanapiga simu na wanapopata nafasi hunitembelea kwangu bila ya kujali status walizonazo. Wamesoma na hawataki kuniacha nibaki nyuma kielimu. Tuko pamoja sana.

Shukrani zangu za mwisho, napenda kuwashukuru ndugu wengine, jamaa na marafiki waliomo nchini na wale walioko ng’ambo ambao kwa namna moja ama nyingine wamechangia kuishi kwangu hadi siku ya leo. Nawapenda na tuko pamoja.

Zaidi ya hayo, napenda kuwajulisha wote niliowataja na ambao sikuwataja kuwa, pamoja na mambo mengine mengi ambayo nimeyafanya, mojawapo ambalo ni kubwa zaidi mbele za MUNGU na WANADAMU wenzangu ni kuanzisha huduma ya utetezi kwa watu wenye ulemavu wa aina zote. Ninajua kuwa kazi hii ni ngumu, inahitaji mtaji wa muda na fedha na pia OPRAS ya moyo. Huduma hii kwa sasa inafanyika kupitia FACEBOOK na blog yangu changa  iitwayo “SOKIME AND THE NEW INCLUSIVE NATION” au www.sokime2012.blogspot.com .

Huduma hii inafanyika kwa maandiko ya kuwaelimisha watu juu ya nini maana ya ulemavu, aina za ulemavu, chanzo cha ulemavu, utetezi kwa watu wenye ulemavu na huduma zinazoweza kutolewa kwa mtu mwenye ulemavu ili kupunguza athari za ulemavu kwenye maisha ya mhusika.

Natamani, napenda na ninaamini kuwa huduma hii kwa uwezo wa Mungu itaweza kuvifikia vyombo vingine vya habari kama vile radio, magazeti na TV. Pia naamini watapatikana watu wa kuniunga mkono kwa namna moja au nyingine juu ya huduma hii ya namna yake.

Mwisho kabisa, ninawaomba msamaha watu wote ambao kwa namna hii ama ile nilikuwa chanzo cha makwazo kwao, kuwasababishia hasara na usumbufu wa namna tofautitofauti. Ninaamini hayo yote yalitokea tu kudhihirisha kuwa kwa namna fulani naonekana kwenye jamii na kwamba uwepo wangu na kutokuwepo kwangu mahali fulani kunaonekana wazi.

Katika siku yangu ya kuzaliwa, yaani tarehe 30/09 ni maombi yangu kwa Mungu kuwa nyote mbarikiwe- Ibarikiwe siku niliyozaliwa; wabarikiwe wazazi walionizaa; wabarikiwe walionibariki na walionilaani; wabarikiwe wanaonikubali na wanaonikataa; wabarikiwe na maadui zangu pia.

TUFIKIRI KIJUMUISHI ~~~ TUTENDE KIJUMUISHI ~~~ TUJENGE TAIFA JUMUISHI

HEBU TUJIKUMBUSHIE BAADHI YA MAANDIKO YANGU MACHACHE NILIYOWAHI KUWEKA KWENYE MTANDAO:

THE GREAT SECRETS OF DISABILITY

Disability is not a disease, it is just like human diversity, and it differentiates one person from the other. Furthermore, disability keeps an individual with disability or the family having a member with disability speculating beyond the normal thinking body. Through disability we come to see true friends and enemies, tolerant and intolerant bodies, stoics and easy personalities; we get informed about how people feel about disability. It is real that, through disability, human being is assessed and screened about his/her personality. Through it, a long line demarcation of perspectives is clearly drawn. In turn, individuals or families having members with disabilities must have extraordinarily life styles for the purpose of copping the emerging complexities within the diversified community. In most cases, those great thoughts enrich the entire society by being informed about the novel issues that are latent to human soul and his nature. Hence, disability is the source of philosophy and logical means through which people get knowledged about the nature of human being.

“To me, disability is the hidden golden opportunity of the other side of the life in the Created Socio-Cultural Universe, in which the Institute of Discovering the Innate Human Sociological and Anthropological Vantages is of great deal”.

Sokime Philemon on the Contemporary Disability Affairs -2013

DEVOTIONAL WRITINGS

I will live talking of Education, sleep dreaming of it, and once God takes me to his heavenly palace- my educational devoted writings will speak on my behalf. This is because, with education people get equipped with various knowledges of socio-economic realms, political affairs, and the most important is that, it helps human being review his nature.

“Sokime Philemon on the Contemporary Suitable Education”.

Part II: Advocacy For People With Disabilities

Dr. Reginald Mengi has for a long time been good advocate for people with disabilities.

Activities under Advocacy

These are the basic and vivid deeds done by the advocate groups. Basically there are seven fundamental activities that the advocate groups must do for the betterment of their movement. The following are the ones;

1. Lobbying

Lobbying is the intentional use of every resource available to influence the decision making and get desirable mass favors. Lobbying is the backbone of any advocacy movement to change the system, to win over the hearts and the minds of the public. Think of any activity which can easily change the hearts and minds of the majority and the custodians.

2. Planning the permanent activities

The critical ideas should be considered. You must plan and revisit your plans, get your public mood so as to suit the situation, consider the condition when to advance and when to draw, reconstruct ideas again and get revived for next level of the movement.

3. Communicating

Communication is the heart of every advocacy movement. To win over the hearts and the minds of the public you have to communicate so as to fill in the domains of the public. Make sure that the public is with you at every stage of the movement.

4. Dissemination of information

To disseminate information is to keep your public informed of any level of the advocacy movement. Disseminate any success you get, give relevant information about your course. You must trumpet even a very small success of your movement. Disseminate about identical information, that is, to make comparison of other successful individuals and countries which underwent the same condition and the movements as what you are trying to carry on with. Exemplify those successful individuals with disabilities and their success.

5. Co-opting

In advocacy movement, co-opting is the act and process of performing multi-tasking in your movement. Artistic groups and experts can be involved during the course of your advocacy movement. For example the musicians of great influence to society can be invited to your movement groups. These artistic groups and experts socially link human society.

6. Showing the way

Showing the way is, for the purpose of advocacy movement for people with disability a demonstration of real acts for what you are advocating for. You have to talk and act at the same time. For example, if the advocacy is for the inclusive society- you also have to include people with disabilities in your movement groups. This will help to activate the hearts and the minds of the public.

7. Collaborating

Collaboration is a working practice whereby individuals work together towards a common purpose to achieve desired ends. Being ready to work together with others.

“Think Inclusively ~~~ Act Inclusively ~~~ Create an Inclusive Nation”

Advocacy For People With Disabilities

The incident of albino killings in Tanzania in 2011

Albino person being cut her hands

Meaning of advocacy

The term advocacy refers to “speaking for” or “speaking on behalf of” other people, specifically for those people who are denied their rights, the forgotten ones in the human society. The major aim in advocacy activities is to influence the decision making in the society. Other aims are the winning over the hearts and minds of the public, and create the positive understanding about the people with disabilities.

Types of advocacy

Self-Advocacy

This is condition whereby an individual struggles for himself or herself to be recognized. It is when the individual raises to defend the denied rights.

Joint-Advocacy

This is the state when people join hands to defend the rights of their own and/or of other groups. They are in groups. These groups may be of people with disabilities and other groups with non-disabled people that are devoted to advocate for the rights of people with disabilities.

Functions in Advocacy

The functions of advocacy are of three types, these are:

Interpreting

Here there is attachment of meanings to every aspect of spoken word. In each item to advocacy there are mult-meanings and the consequences associated with it. Sets the comparison between the desired and undesired ones. Indeed, in interpreting in the advanced sense is to win the minds and the hearts of the public.

In advocacy we fight against the status quo. This is the situation about changing the existing social conditions. Another aspect dealt within the advocacy for people with disabilities is to fight against the custodians of the system. In every system there are people who want to continue with the existing bad situation. With these fights, we need to win over the hearts of the public and indeed to make sure that the public is on our side-so that it supports us in every stage we advance.

Connecting

Connecting is about establishing networks, penetrating the system. Within the custodians we come to get supporters. The advocacy groups have to establish networks within the experts and aristocrats. Connecting is generally about networking to influence decision making. It is about giving state persons, big business men and women the responsibilities in the advocacy process. Connecting is the weapon to win over the hearts and the minds of the public.

Gluing

Gluing is among the functions in the advocacy movement. This is the act and process of keeping the ranken files together. Putting together different documents about what is jontly decided by the groups. To implement the decisions in groups. Gluing is, indeed, about numbers of people. When the number is big the custodians consider.

Let us come together for advocacy movement!

       "Think Inclusively ~~~ Act Inclusively ~~~ Create an Inclusive Nation"

This Is For Brave Men and Women..., Read it!

To most people, disability looks like an angry and hungry hunting lion. Look, the only brave men and women can attack and touch it. The men and women who are strong enough can open their hidden nature of loving state to share with their disabled partners. I think the present world needs revolutionary people.

Picture source: Notes By Amanda Livingston

Think Inclusively ~~~ Act Inclusively ~~~ Create an Inclusive Nation

The Reasons As to Why You Need Special Education

Special Education and the Inclusive Nation

Introduction

In this paper, among many issues, the concept of disability and its related terms are discussed; the causes and categories of disabilities are analyzed and finally; the Screening tests and the reasons to create an inclusive nation are taken into account.

Albinism disability

Mult-sensory disability-deaf-blind

                                                                         

DEFINITION OF TERMS

Disability

Disability is defined as difficulty in doing something considered normal. Disability has got three ranges in degrees, that is, mild, moderate, severe and profound. There are different types of disabilities such as visual impairment, hearing impairment, cognitive disability or intellectual impairment, speech and language disorder, deaf-blindness, learning disabilities.

Impairment

It is a condition of missing or having defective body part. It is the lack of body limb or an organ that can cause personal limitations to perform certain tasks in daily lives.

Handicap

The social or physical disadvantage created by an existence of disability.  Sometimes handicap can be a result of social attitudes; a person can be physically and mentally fit but due to the belief of the concerned society a person can be led to handicapped conditions.

Isolation

This is the society’s negative attitudes and rejection towards people with disabilities. Isolation ranges in terms of social, economic, political and cultural backgrounds of the particular society.

Special needs

These are the particular needs of a person that require unique attention in provision of services to an individual having disability in relation to special needs. These services go beyond the education to include all facilities that enable a person to survive accordingly.

Special Education

Special education is a broad term that describes the education of students who have hearing impairment, visual impairment, and speech impairment, intellectual, physical, behavioral or emotional disabilities. Special education involves specially designed instruction that is provided at no cost to parents to meet the unique needs of children with a disability.

Inclusive society

This is the type of society which is consisted with different people having different personalities, abilities and relies on the concept of human diversities. And these people cooperate in all matters regardless of their existing varieties of diversities.

Causes of Disability

Disability, as it is defined as strangely way of doing things considered normal under the influence of impairment, is fundamentally caused by any of the two factors. These factors are NATURE and NURTURE. Nature involves inheritance from parents and/or the lineage of the family. It is controlled by human genes (genes deformity). Nurture on the other hand, involves the environments. It deals with all facts that surround us. Under nurture, there are two sub-categories of congenital - the disability formed or present before birth, and the acquired – the disability formed after the child is born. These causes of disabilities can be well understood when are studied under each category of disability.

Categories of Disabilities 

Principally, there are thirteen different categories of disabilities which are recognized by IDEA 2004 (Individual Disability Education Act of 2004). If children experience difficulties that fall within one of the thirteen categories and their education is significantly affected as a result of their disability, then they may qualify for special education and related services.

The specific categories of these types of disabilities are: Autism, Visual Impairment, Deaf-Blindness, Intellectual or Cognitive Disability, Hearing Impairment and Deafness. Others are Multiple Disabilities, Traumatic Brain Injury, Speech or Language Impairment, Orthopedic Impairments, Other Healthy Impairments, Specific Learning Disability, and Emotional Disturbance.

Reasons for illuminating for these categories of disabilities

Primarily, the reasons for this classification are academically and healthy services oriented. All these reasons are done under the notion so-called “Intervention services-doing something to lessen the effects of disability on someone’s life”. One of the goals in education is to include children with special needs in the regular education classroom as much as possible. Therefore, children with special needs will most likely have ongoing contact with regular education teachers, and these teachers may not have experience in working with children who have a particular disorder. Usually, a psychologist or school psychologist conducts an assessment and diagnoses a child to determine which diagnostic category best describes the child's problems.

SCREENING TESTS

Screening procedures are an important part of the assessment process in schools, hospitals and/or other relevant places to identify children and youth who have disabilities or are at risk and are likely to develop disability. Such procedures must be used with care; however, as they provide only a preliminary sign that a child has a disability. Additional testing is required to affirm or disprove the presence of a handicapping condition. If a disability is identified during follow-up assessment, the focus shifts to providing the student with an appropriate education program.

Possible personals to conduct screening test to classify disabilities

Currently, the screening tests can be done at home by parents using local methods before referring their child to further stages. Others are specialist teachers, psychologists and physicians at schools and hospital/health centers respectively. Each disability has its own ways and styles of assessment in which it can be conducted.

Why screening tests?

Screening tests discover type of disability and determine the services to be provided to the clients. These services are educational such as IEP (Individualized Education Program) and other social services like healthy matters and rehabilitation. Generally, screening test directs towards discovery of disabling factors to human life and the appropriate programs designed to support that person according to the type of disabling factor.

Conclusion

From the term disability where different definitions are enumerated, causes of disabilities are determined and how screening tests are conducted; it is obvious that the nation can be led to the side effects of classes based on abilities. The most affected by these classes are the people with disabilities who end up being neglected and marginalized by the society’s social governing systems.

It is from this notion that we need the revised conventions which will eagerly motivate all people think positively about people with special needs. It facilitates the idea of bringing back to the system all those who were casted into the shadows of hopeless states, who were previously regarded as the immigrants of their own country. There is therefore, a need to have joint hands raised up, voices shouted out and the eyes seeing beyond the scene to CREATE an INCLUSIVE NATION for its people.

 Think Inclusively ~~~ Act Inclusively ~~~ Create an Inclusive Nation